The Attorney-General's Chambers (AGC) filed an application in the High Court on July 15, 2026, seeking to declare Iris Koh and her husband Raymond Ng vexatious litigants [1, 2, 3]. A vexatious litigant is defined as someone who habitually launches legal proceedings primarily to harass or misuse the court system without reasonable grounds [1, 2].
Iris Koh is known as the founder of the anti-vaccine group Healing the Divide [1, 2]. Raymond Ng developed an artificial intelligence system designed to sue individuals for defamation without involving lawyers. The AGC described his system as a "business model of warfare" intended to intimidate opponents through legal means [1, 2, 3].
The couple regularly files multiple baseless defamation lawsuits against various individuals and entities. They crowdfund legal fees for these cases and use the raised funds to further improve their AI-driven litigation process [1, 2, 3]. Vincent Leow, AGC Chief Counsel, said, "The moment they feel aggrieved, their instinct is to sue" and added, "My point is that if you’re appropriating litigation to terrorise and raise funds, and using that as a business model, I believe that is an abuse of court process" [1].
The AGC asserts that their approach amounts to "lawfare," weaponizing the justice system for collateral purposes. "They have gone far beyond ordinary bounds of litigation to engage in a calculated lawfare strategy to exploit others and monetise litigation," Leow said [3].
If the court grants the application, the couple would need court permission before starting new civil suits. Some ongoing lawsuits could also be halted [1, 2, 3]. Currently, Raymond Ng faces criminal trials on cheating charges, while Iris Koh faces conspiracy charges linked to false Covid-19 vaccine certificates [1, 2]. The couple's court-appointed lawyers oppose the AGC's proposed restrictions, arguing it would unfairly limit their clients’ right to sue [3].
