Obesity has been officially recognized by the World Health Organization as a chronic disease, reflecting its complexity and impact on health worldwide [1, 2]. In Singapore, the overweight rate climbed from 10.5% in 2019-2020 to 12.7% currently, signaling a notable rise in body weight issues among the population [1, 2].
Obesity in the Asian context is defined by a lower BMI threshold of 27.5 kg/m² compared to Western standards, due to higher body fat percentages and greater metabolic risk at lower weights for Asians [1, 2]. Waist circumference is another critical measure, with men exceeding 90 cm and women above 80 cm considered at higher risk for dangerous visceral fat, which is linked to conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [1, 2].
Medical experts describe obesity as a multifaceted chronic disease caused by interactions of genetics, neurobiology, behavior, food accessibility, market forces, and the environment [1, 2]. It is associated with more than 50 related medical conditions including Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease [1, 2]. In Singapore, common complications include musculoskeletal complaints, obstructive sleep apnea, fatty liver, and Type 2 diabetes [1, 2].
Approximately 80% to 90% of individuals with Type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese, with their risk increasing alongside BMI levels [1, 2]. At very high BMIs, joint problems can become chronic and limit mobility, often leading to more sedentary lifestyles and further health decline [1, 2].
Dr. Ester Yeoh, medical director and senior consultant endocrinologist at Aspen Diabetes & Endocrine Clinic at Novena Medical Center, said, "Obesity is harder to treat than many assume and the latest therapies offer hope" [1].
The rising overweight rate underscores the need for continued monitoring and management of obesity-related health risks in Singapore. Health authorities and medical professionals are likely to focus on early detection and intervention given the disease’s complex origins and multiple complications.
